A California-based startup pulled off two hypersonic flights of its reusable aircraft, which became the first fully autonomous drone to reach Mach 5 speeds.
Stratolaunch’s Talon-A2 completed a series of test flights for the Pentagon’s Missile Defense Agency, part of a hypersonic testbed program that echoes Cold War-era efforts like the X-15, which retired in 1968. The hypersonic vehicle exceeded Mach 5 speeds during the tests that took place in December 2024 and March 2025, Stratolaunch revealed this week.
“We’ve now demonstrated hypersonic speed, added the complexity of a full runway landing with prompt payload recovery, and proven reusability,” Zachary Krevor, president and CEO of Stratolaunch, said in a statement. The Talon-A prototype is an autonomous, reusable aircraft capable of flying at least five times the speed of sound. During its test flights, Roc—the largest airplane ever built—released the vehicle over the Pacific Ocean. Stratolaunch’s Roc took off with Talon-A1 tucked in its belly before the hypersonic vehicle conducted its own flight and landed at Vandenberg Space Force Base.
When it was founded in 2011, Stratolaunch intended to use Roc to launch Orbital ATK’s Pegasus XL rocket into space. Following its founder Paul Allen’s death in 2018, the company switched gears to focusing on developing, deploying, and flying hypersonic vehicles instead. In December 2021, Stratolaunch announced a contract with the Pentagon’s Missile Defense Agency to provide a testbed for developing defense strategies against hypersonic threats.
In March 2024, Talon-A1 launched for its first powered test flight, reaching hypersonic speeds that didn’t quite make it to Mach 5. Unlike Talon-A1, Stratolaunch’s latest prototype, Talon-A2 is fully reusable. The company is developing future versions of the Talon-A, which will be rocket-powered and capable of carrying customizable payloads at hypersonic speeds. Stratolaunch is also working on a larger hypersonic vehicle, dubbed Talon-Z, and a spaceplane nicknamed Black Ice, that would carry payloads—and possibly passengers—to Earth orbit.
Talon-A2’s recent flights mark the first hypersonic flights since the X-15 program conducted by the U.S. Air Force and NASA. The X-15 hypersonic aircraft were air-launched from a B-52 aircraft, and flew a total of 199 times over the span of 10 years. The program ended in the late 1960s due to a lack of funding and a shift of focus toward orbital missions.
The Department of Defense has shown a renewed interest in hypersonic vehicles as other nations like China and Russia are working on developing their own. The U.S. has never operated a reusable hypersonic vehicle, a capability that could significantly reduce costs. “Demonstrating the reuse of fully recoverable hypersonic test vehicles is an important milestone for MACH-TB,” George Rumford, director of the Department of Defense Test Resource Management Center, said in a statement. “Lessons learned from this test campaign will help us reduce vehicle turnaround time from months down to weeks.”
